Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Human Vision

Psy 8993*, Psy 8036**, Psy 8031***

University of Minnesota, Spring Semester, 2003
http://courses.kersten.org

Instructors: Daniel Kersten, Sheng He, and Cheryl Olman
Contact: kersten@umn.edu, 612-625-2589 or sheng@tc.umn.edu or cheryl@cmrr.umn.edu

Meeting time: Mondays 9-11 am†, beginning January 27f
Meeting Place: Elliott Hall 204

Visual perception is a complex neural process involving a network of multiple cortical visual areas. What computations are being performed by this network that enable us to see? Developments in neuroimaging, and in particular fMRI, have led to rapid advances in our knowledge of the anatomy and functional architecture of human visual cortex. The first part of the course will examine the theory and techniques of fMRI, and the relationship between the fMRI signal, hemodynamics and neural activity. The second part of the course will focus on fMRI studies of human visual processing. The course will be a combination of lectures and discussions.

Course requirements include participation in class discussions, presentation of articles, and a final written project.

*If you plan do to a final written project on human vision, register for: Sheng He's Psy 8993 Section 024 Directed Studies: Special Areas of Psychology and Related Sciences : 57889

**If you plan to do a final written project on magnetic resonance methods or computational neuroimaging, register for: Dan Kersten's Psy 8036 Special Topics in Computational Vision: 60109.

***If you only have time to attend a portion of the full 3-credit seminar (e.g., either the MRI lectures, or the sessions on vision applications), or if you wish to attend without doing a term project, you may sign up for 1 or 2 credits under Psy. 8-031. 8031 is a continuation of the Legge-Kersten seminar.

†8:00-9:45 am Time change for 2nd Mondays of the month

Syllabus

6. (Mar 3) MRI & neurophysiology: optical imaging/single unit recordings

*Heeger, D. J., & Ress, D. (2002). What does fMRI tell us about neuronal activity? Nat Rev Neurosci, 3(2), 142-151.

Supplementary readings: Disbrow et al. 2000; Heeger et al. 2000; Hess 2000; Gratton et al.
2001; Janz et al. 2001; Lauritzen 2001; Logothetis et al. 2001; Hyder et
al. 2002; Smith et al. 2002

(Mar 17: Spring Break)

7. (Mar 24) Mapping: V1 & whole brain; retinotopy & columns
Engel, S. A., Glover, G. H., & Wandell, B. A. (1997). Retinotopic organization in human visual cortex and the spatial precision of functional MRI. Cereb Cortex, 7(2), 181-192.

Kim, D. S., Duong, T. Q., & Kim, S. G. (2000). High-resolution mapping of iso-orientation columns by fMRI. Nat Neurosci, 3(2), 164-169.

Adams, D. L., & Horton, J. C. (2002). Shadows Cast by Retinal Blood Vessels Mapped in Primary Visual Cortex. Science, 298, 572-576.

Klaus-Dietmar Merboldt, Ju¨rgen Finsterbusch, and Jens Frahm1 (2000).Reducing Inhomogeneity Artifacts in Functional MRI of Human Brain Activation—Thin Sections vs Gradient Compensation. Journal of Magnetic Resonance 145, 184–191 (2000)
doi:10.1006/jmre.2000.2105, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com.

Notes:(pdf)

8. (Mar 31) Stereo & motion

Theoret, H., Kobayashi, M., Ganis, G., Di Capua, P., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of human area MT/V5 disrupts perception and storage of the motion aftereffect. Neuropsychologia, 40(13), 2280-2287.

Vanduffel, W., Fize, D., Peuskens, H., Denys, K., Sunaert, S., Todd, J. T., et al. (2002). Extracting 3D from motion: differences in human and monkey intraparietal cortex. Science, 298(5592), 413-415.

Backus, B. T., Fleet, D. J., Parker, A. J., & Heeger, D. J. (2001). Human cortical activity correlates with stereoscopic depth perception. J Neurophysiol, 86(4), 2054-2068.

Huk, A. C., & Heeger, D. J. (2002). Pattern-motion responses in human visual cortex. Nat Neurosci, 5(1), 72-75.

9. (April 7) Attention

Pascual-Leone, A., & Walsh, V. (2001). Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness. Science, 292(5516), 510-512.

Ress, D., Backus, B. T., & Heeger, D. J. (2000). Activity in primary visual cortex predicts performance in a visual detection task. Nat Neurosci, 3(9), 940-945.

*Culham, J. C., Cavanagh, P., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2001). Attention response functions: characterizing brain areas using fMRI activation during parametric variations of attentional load. Neuron, 32(4), 737-745.

Brefczynski, J. A., & DeYoe, E. A. (1999). A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention. Nat Neurosci, 2(4), 370-374.

Martinez, A., Anllo-Vento, L., Sereno, M. I., Frank, L. R., Buxton, R. B., Dubowitz, D. J., et al. (1999). Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Nat Neurosci, 2(4), 364-369.

Martinez, A., DiRusso, F., Anllo-Vento, L., Sereno, M. I., Buxton, R. B., & Hillyard, S. A. (2001). Putting spatial attention on the map: timing and localization of stimulus selection processes in striate and extrastriate visual areas. Vision Res, 41(10-11), 1437-1457.

*Seidemann, E., & Newsome, W. T. (1999). Effect of spatial attention on the responses of area MT neurons. J Neurophysiol, 81(4), 1783-1794.

Notes: (ppt) (pdf)

10. (April 14) Objects

Grill-Spector, K., Kourtzi, Z., & Kanwisher, N. (2001). The lateral occipital complex and its role in object recognition. Vision Res, 41(10-11), 1409-1422.

Grill-Spector, K., & Malach, R. (2001). fMR-adaptation: a tool for studying the functional properties of human cortical neurons. Acta Psychol (Amst), 107(1-3), 293-321.

*Kourtzi, Z., Tolias, A. S., Altmann, C. F., Augath, M., & Logothetis, N. K. (2003). Integration of local features into global shapes: monkey and human FMRI studies. Neuron, 37(2), 333-346.

*Murray, S. O., Kersten, D., Olshausen, B. A., Schrater, P., & Woods, D. L. (2002). Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(23), 15164-15169.

11. (April 21) Objects II

Hasson, U., Harel, M., Levy, I., & Malach, R. (2003). Large-scale mirror-symmetry organization of human occipito-temporal object areas. Neuron, 37(6), 1027-1041.

Malach, R., Levy, I., & Hasson, U. (2002). The topography of high-order human object areas. Trends Cogn Sci, 6(4), 176-184.

13. (April 28)

Wade, A. R., Brewer, A. A., Rieger, J. W., & Wandell, B. A. (2002). Functional measurements of human ventral occipital cortex: retinotopy and colour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 357(1424), 963-973.

Seidemann, E., Poirson, A. B., Wandell, B. A., & Newsome, W. T. (1999). Color signals in area MT of the macaque monkey. Neuron, 24(4), 911-917.

14. (May 5) Reading & dyslexia

(May 12) No class

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