Reading: Normal and Low Vision
1. Recent Articles on Reading (2003 and after)
Yu, D., Legge, G.E., Park, H. Gage, E., & Chung, S.T.L. (2010). Development of a training protocol to improve reading performance in peripheral vision. Vision Research, 50, 36-45. (pdf)
Legge, G.E., Tjan, B.S., Chung, S.T.L. & Bigelow C. (2010). Commentary on Watt and Dakin’s “The utility of image descriptions in the initial stages of vision”: Do image descriptions underlie word recognition in reading? British Journal of Psychology, 101, 33-39. (pdf)
Yu, D., Park, H., Gerold, D. & Legge, G.E. (2010). Comparing reading speed for horizontal and vertical English text. Journal of Vision, 10(2):21, 1-17. (pdf)
Yu, D., Cheung, S.-H., Legge, G.E. & Chung, S.T.L. (2010). Reading speed in the peripheral vision of older adults: Does it benefit from perceptual learning? Vision Research 50, 860-869.
DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2010.02.006 (pdf)
Legge, G.E., Cheung, S.-H., Chung, S.T.L., Lee, H.-W., Gefroh, J.G., & Kwon, M.Y. (2008). Training peripheral vision to read. In J.J. Rieser, D.H. Ashmead, F. F. Ebner, & A.L. Corn (Eds.) Blindness and brain plasticity in navigation and object perception. (pp. 209-226) New York, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Taylor and Francis Group. (pdf)
Cheung, S.-H., Kallie, C.S., Legge, G.E. & Cheong, A.M.Y. (2008). Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling of MNREAD data. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 49, 828-835. (pdf)
Cheong, A.M.Y., Legge, G.E., Lawrence, M., Cheung, S-H., & Ruff, M. (2008). Relationship between visual span and reading performance in age-related macular degeneration. Vision Research, 48, 577-588.(pdf)
Cheong., A.M.Y., Legge. G.E., Lawrence, M., Cheung, S-H., & Ruff, M. (2007) Relation between slow visual processing and reading speed in people with macular degeneration. Vision Research, 47, 2943-2955. (pdf)
Crossland, M.D, Legge, G.E. & Dakin, S.C. Development and validation of an automated sentence generator for the assessment of reading speed: A methodological study. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 4:14. (pdf)
Kwon, M-Y., Legge, G.E. & Dubbels, B. (2007). Developmental changes in the visual span for reading. Vision Research, 47, 2889-2900 (pdf)
Legge, G.E., Cheung, S-H, Yu, D., Chung, S., Lee, H-W, Owens, D. (2007). The case for the visual span as a sensory bottleneck in reading. Journal of Vision, 7(2):9, 1-15. (pdf)
Yu, D., Cheung, S-H., Legge, G.E., Chung, S. (2007). Effect of letter spacing on visual span and reading speed. Journal of Vision , 7(2):2, 1-10. (pdf)
Sass ,S.M., Legge, G.E. & Lee, H.W. (2006). Low-vision reading speed: Influences of linguistic inference and aging. Optometry & Vision Science, 83, 166-177. (pdf)
Chung, S.T.L., Legge, G.E., & Cheung, S.H. (2004). Letter recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning. Vision Research, 44, 695-709. (pdf)
Legge, G.E. & Cheung, S.H. (2004). Psychophysics of reading: Implications for displaying text. Society for Information Display 2004 International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. Vol. XXXV, Book 2 . Society for Information Display, 1359-1361. (pdf)
Lee, H.W., Legge, G.E., & Ortiz, A. (2003). Is word recognition different in central and peripheral vision? Vision Research , 43, 2837-2846. (pdf)
2.Psychophysics of Reading:
Normal and Low Vision
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I. |
Legge, G.E., Pelli, D.G., Rubin, G.S., & Schleske, M.M. (1985). Psychophysics of reading. I. Normal vision. Vision Research, 25, 239-252. (abstract); (pdf)
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| II. |
Legge, G.E., Rubin, G.S., Pelli, D.G., & Schleske, M.M. (1985). Psychophysics of reading. II. Low vision. Vision Research, 25, 253-266. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| III. |
Pelli, D.G., Legge, G.E., & Schleske, M.M. (1985). Psychophysics of reading. III. A fiberscope low-vision reading aid. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 26, 751-763. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| IV. |
Legge, G.E. & Rubin, G.S. (1986). Psychophysics of reading. IV. Wavelength effects in normal and low vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A3, 40-51. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| V. |
Legge, G.E., Rubin, G.S., & Luebker, A. (1987). Psychophysics of reading. V. The role of contrast in normal vision. Vision Research, 27, 1165-1171. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| VI. |
Rubin, G.S. & Legge, G.E. (1989). Psychophysics of reading. VI. The role of contrast in low vision. Vision Research, 29, 79-91. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| VII. |
Legge, G.E., Ross, J.A., Maxwell, K.T., & Luebker, A. (1989). Psychophysics of reading. VII. Comprehension in normal and low vision. Clinical Vision Sciences, 4, 51-60. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| VIII. |
Legge, G.E., Ross, J.A., Luebker, A., & LaMay, J.M. (1989). Psychophysics of reading. VIII. The Minnesota low-vision reading test. Optometry and Vision Science , 66, 843-853. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| IX. |
Parish, D.H. & Legge, G.E. Psychophysics of reading. IX. The stability of eye position in normal and low vision. Unpublished Manuscript 8/89. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| X. |
Akutsu, H., Legge, G.E., Ross, J.A., & Schuebel, K. (1991). Psychophysics of reading. X. Effects of age related changes in vision. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 46, 325-331. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XI. |
Legge, G.E., Parish, D.H., Luebker, A., & Wurm, L.H. (1990). Psychophysics of reading. XI. Comparing luminance and color contrast. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A7, 2002-2010. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XII. |
Legge, G.E., Ross, J.A., Isenberg, L.M., & LaMay, J.M. (1992). Psychophysics of reading. XII. Clinical predictors of low-vision reading speed. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 33, 677-687. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XIII. |
Ahn, S.J. & Legge, G.E. (1995). Psychophysics of reading. XIII. Predictors of magnifier-aided reading speed in low vision. Vision Research, 35, 1931-1938. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XIV. |
Beckmann, P.J. & Legge, G.E. (1996). Psychophysics of reading. XIV. The page-navigation problem in using magnifiers. Vision Research, 36, 3723-3733. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XV. |
Mansfield, J.S., Legge, G.E.,& Bane, M.C. (1996). Psychophysics of reading. XV. Font effects in normal and low vision. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 37, 1492-1501. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XVI. |
Legge, G.E., Ahn, S.J., Klitz, T.S. & Luebker, A. (1997). Psychophysics of reading. XVI. The visual span in normal and low vision. Vision Research, 37, 1999-2010. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XVII. |
Harland, S., Legge, G.E., & Luebker, A. (1998). Psychophysics of reading. XVII. Low- vision performance with four types of electronically magnified text. Optometry & Vision Science, 75, 183-190. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XVIII. |
Chung, S.T.L., Mansfield, J.S., & Legge, G.E. (1998). Psychophysics of reading. XVIII. The effect of print size on reading speed in normal peripheral vision. Vision Research, 38, 2949-2962. (abstract) ; (pdf)
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| XIX. |
Bruggeman, H. & Legge, G.E. (2002). Psychophysics of reading. XIX. Hypertext search and retrieval with low vision. Proceedings of the IEEE, 90, 94-103. (pdf)
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| XX. |
Legge, G.E., Mansfield, J.S., & Chung, S.T.L. (2001). Psychophysics of reading. XX. Linking letter recognition to reading speed in central and peripheral vision. Vision Research, 41, 725-734. (abstract); (pdf) |
3. Other Articles on Reading and Vision
Ortiz A., Jobling, J.T., Chung, S.T.L., & Legge, G.E. (1999). Reading with a head-mounted video magnifier. Optometry & Vision Science, 76, 755-763.
Ahn, S.J., Legge, G.E., & Luebker, A. (1995). Printed cards for measuring low-vision reading speed. Vision Research, 35, 1939-1944. (pdf)
Legge, G.E. (1993). The role of contrast in reading: Normal and low vision. In R.M. Shapley & D. M.-K. Lam (Eds.) Contrast Sensitivity , 269-287.
Legge, G.E. (1991). Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 1990: Three perspectives on low-vision reading. Optometry & Vision Science, 68, 763-769.
Legge G.E., Rubin, G.S., Pelli, D.G., Schleske, M.M., Luebker, A., & Ross, J. (1988). Understanding low-vision reading. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 82 , 54-59.
Legge, G.E., Rubin, G.S., & Schleske, M.M. (1986). Contrast-polarity effects in low-vision reading. In G.C. Woo (Ed.) Low Vision: Principles and Applications, 288-307.
Legge, G.E., Pelli, D.G., & Schleske, M.M. (1981). Some properties of matrix-display reading. In Second International Visual Psychophysics and Medical Imaging Conference, July 2-3 1981, Brussels, Belgium. Edited by C.C. Jaffe, IEEE Press, New York, 119-123.
4. Mr. Chips: An Ideal Observer Model of Reading
Click here to see Mr. Chips in action!
Legge G.E., Hooven, T.A., Klitz, T.S., Mansfield, J.S., & Tjan, B.S. (2002). Mr. Chips 2002: New insights from an ideal-observer model of reading. Vision Research, 42, 2219-2234. (pdf)
Klitz T.S., Legge, G.E., & Tjan, B.S. (2000). Saccade planning in reading with central scotomas: Comparison of human and ideal performance. A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller & J. Pynte (Eds.) Reading as a Perceptual Process . Elsevier.
Legge G.E., Klitz, T.S. & Tjan, B.S. (1997). Mr. Chips: An ideal-observer model of reading. Psychological Review , 104, 524-553. (pdf)
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O'Brien, B.A., Mansfield, J.S., & Legge, G.E. (2005). The effect of print size on reading speed in dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 28, 332-349. (pdf)
O'Brien, B.A., Mansfield, J.S., & Legge, G.E. (2001). Comment on letter to the Editor: Is dyslexia caused by a visual deficit? Vision Research, 41, 3071. (pdf)
O'Brien, B.A., Mansfield, J.S., & Legge, G.E. (2000). The effect of contrast on reading speed in dyslexia. Vision Research, 40, 1921-1935. (pdf) |
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Chung, S.T.L. & Legge, G.E. (2009). Precision of position signals for letters. Vision Research, 49, 1948-1960. (pdf)
Beckmann, P. J., & Legge, G. E. (2002). Preneural limitations on letter identification in central and peripheral vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision, 19, 2349-2362. (pdf)
Chung S.T.L., Legge, G.E., & Tjan, B.S. (2002). Spatial-frequency characteristics of letter identification in central and peripheral vision. Vision Research, 42, 2137-2152. (abstract) (pdf)
Chung S.T.L., Levi, D.M., Legge, G.E., & Tjan, B.S. (2002). Spatial-frequency properties of letter identification in amblyopia. Vision Research, 42, 1571-1581.
(abstract) (pdf)
Chung S.T.L., Levi, D.M., & Legge, G.E. (2001). Spatial-frequency and contrast properties of crowding. Vision Research 41, 1833-1850.
(abstract)
(pdf)
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